The bass guitar which is often simply referred to as bass, is a plucked string instrument similar in appearance and construction to an acoustic or an electric guitar, except that it has a longer neck and scale length, and typically four to six strings or courses. The bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music since the 1960s. The four-string bass is usually tuned in the same way as the double bass which corresponds to the pitches an octave lower than the four lowest-pitched strings of a guitar which are - E, A, D, and G respectively. It is played primarily with the fingers or thumb, or by striking strings with a pick. The electric bass guitar has pickups and must be connected to an amplifier and speaker to be loud enough to become audible being in competence with other instruments. As defined in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, an "Electric bass guitar is a Guitar, having usually four heavy strings tuned E1'–A1'–D2–G2." The bass guitar is a transposing instrument as it is notated in bass clef which is an octave higher than it sounds in order to reduce the need for ledger lines in music written for the instrument and simplify reading.
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