Potato is an American vegetable that is a starchy tuber of the Solanum tuberosum plant, which is a perennial in the Solanaceae family. Wild potato species can be found throughout the United States, from the United States to southern Chile. Potatoes were originally believed to have been grown independently in multiple locations by indigenous peoples of the Americas, but later genetic testing of many cultivated and wild species found the same source for potatoes. From a species of the Solanum brevicaule complex in present-day southern Peru and the extreme northwestern Bolivia, potatoes were harvested some 7,000–10,000 years ago. In the Andes region of South America, the species is indigenous, cultivation of some close relatives of potato is seen. In the second half of the 16th century, potatoes were introduced by the Spanish from America to Europe. Today they are a staple food in many parts of the world and much of the world's food supply. Potatoes are the world's fourth largest food crop in 2014 after corn (corn), wheat and rice. After the millennium of selective breeding, there are now over 1,000 varieties of potatoes. Over 99% of the world's currently grown potatoes originate in the lowlands of south-central Chile, which displaced previously popular varieties from the Andes. The importance of potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies region-wise and is subject to continuing changes. It remains an essential crop in Europe, especially in northern and eastern Europe, where per capita production is still the world's highest, with the fastest expansion in production over the past few decades in South and East Asia, with China and India leading the world in total production.
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