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Elephants square measure massive mammals of the family Elephantidae within the Proboscidea. 3 species square measure presently recognised: the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), the African forest elephant (L. cyclotis), and therefore the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). Elephant's square measure scattered throughout the geographic region, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
All elephants have many distinctive options, the foremost notable of that may be a long trunk (also known as a proboscis), used for several functions, significantly respiratory, lifting water, and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which may function weapons and as tools for moving objects and dig. Elephants' massive ear flaps facilitate to regulate their blood heat. Their pillar-like legs will carry their nice weight. African elephants have larger ears and dish-shaped backs whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears and hogged or level backs.
Elephants square measure saprophagous and might be found in several habitats as well as savannahs, forests, deserts, and marshes. They like to remain close to water. Thought-about they're thought-about to be a keystone species because of their impact on their environments. Alternative animals tend to stay their distance from elephants whereas predators, like lions, tigers, hyenas, and wild dogs, typically target solely young elephants (or 'calves'). Elephants have a fission-fusion society in which multiple family teams move to socialize. Females ('cows') tend to measure in family teams, which may contain one feminine together with her calves or many connected females with offspring. The team's square measure diode by a private referred to as the matriarch, typically the oldest cow.
Males ('bulls') leave their family teams once they reach pubescence and should live alone or with alternative males. Adult bulls largely act with family teams once searching for a mate and enter a state of inflated androgenic hormone and aggression referred to as phase, that helps them gain dominance and procreative success. Calves square measure the centre of attention in their family teams and trust their mothers for as long as 3 years. Elephants will live up to seventy years within the wild. They impart by bit, sight, smell, and sound; elephants use infrasound and unstable communication over long distances. Elephant intelligence has been compared therewith of primates and cetaceans. They seem to own awareness and show sympathy for dying or dead people of their kind.