Gold is one the highest atomic number element occurring naturally in the world. It is a chemical element having the scientific symbol Au which comes from its Latin name aurum. It has the atomic number 79. In its purest form it is found as slightly reddish yellow, bright, soft, dense, ductile and malleable metal. Chemically stating gold is group eleven element and hence is known to be a transition metal. Gold is one of the least reactive metal and chemical elements and is found solid under standard conditions. The free elemental (native) form of Gold in which it often occurs can be as nuggets or grains, in veins, in rocks and in alluvial deposits.
Gold naturally occurs in a solid solution series with the native elements silver as electrum and naturally alloyed with palladium and copper. It sometimes, which is very less common, occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium (gold tellurides). It is resistant to most acids, even though it is still said to dissolve in aqua regia, which forms a soluble tetrachloroaurate anion. It is said to be insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves base metals and silver. This property has been long used to refine gold in metallic objects, hence also known as acid test.
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